There is only one species of cottonwood in the Reserve.48 In California, at least six varieties of P. fremontii have been described but only one subspecies, P. fremontii ssp. Cottonwoods need a nearly-constant source of fresh water. Native Americans ate the inner bark of Fremont cottonwood for antiscorbutic [18,100]. (3-4 m). The trees in the Reserve are found along natural seeps or along drainage from nearby residential areas. The Inflorescence consists of a long drooping catkin, which blooms from March to April. Type: Broadleaf. Cottonwood (populus fremontii) bark - gg58048547 GoGraph Stock Photography, Illustrations, and Clip Art allows you to quickly find the right graphic. Sign up for email updates, including trail openings/closures, new event announcements, and more. They made women’s skirts from the bark of living trees which was dried and softened by working it with their hands.15. When the tree is young, the bark, branches, and twigs are smooth. Male and female catkins occur on different plants.44. [3][1], According to the National Register of Big Trees. Margins are shallowly scalloped. Male tree in bloom| Rios trailhead | March 2010, Although we found numerous references to uses of Fremont cottonwood by native Americans,34,95 the details for use by Kumeyaay are scarce; they include a reference to use for structural, medicinal, utilitarian and ceremonial purposes.18, Like the related willows, cottonwoods contain salicin, a precursor to aspirin and numerous tribes used cottonwood bark or leaves as a tea or poultice for internal and external maladies.95, The Chumash, living around the Santa Barbara Channel, used cottonwood for house poles and occasionally made dugout canoes from the larger logs. It is a large tree growing from 12-35 meters in height, with a trunk up to 1.5 meter diameter. Species Description. General: Fremont's Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is a tall, stately tree with a rounded top, heart-shaped leaves, and thick gray, furrowed bark.. Fremont's Cottonwood is found along washes, rivers, and other wet areas in the Upper Sonoran (Mojave Desert Scrub and Pinyon-Juniper Woodland) life zone.Family: Willow (Salicaceae).. Other Names: . Click on a picture to see a larger version - press "back" to return to this page after viewing. The Fremont Cottonwood is a cottonwood native to North America, growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers, and wetlands in the southwestern part of the United States, and downwards into Mexico. P.O. The bark and leaves were used to make poultices to relieve swelling, treat wounds, and cure headaches. [1][2] It is also classified as Populus fremontii ssp. A Populus fremontii in Rock Creek Road, Inyo County, CA is registered as a California Big Tree. This large, deep-rooted tree grows in washes, canyons, and bottomlands with surface or at least subsurface water. Flowers: Male flowers bright red, female flowers green (March-April). Family: Salicaceae. Hello, fellow science Olympiad students or hackers! A few years ago, Fremont’s cottonwood was believed to be the … The twigs were used by the Pima for basket materials, and Cahuilla tribes used the wood for tools. Fremont cottonwood grows only on wet soil and is an indicator of permanent water and shade. Yellow-green. Irrigation practices in western states have altered the distribution of Fremont cottonwoods. Look for cottonwoods like the “Mail Tree,” in the Doc Inglesby Picnic Area. Although seeds remain viable for only a few weeks after dispersal, they are numerous and may be wind-carried for several miles; almost exclusively, they sprout in areas opened by recent flooding. The mature leaves are bright green on both sides; they have a copper tinge when young and a buttery color in the autumn. It occurs naturally in mixed woodlands or along streams below 9,000′. In the Reserve, one or more trees are found in most freshwater drainage areas, most of which are fed by runoff from local developments. Bark: Smooth and gray on young trees, thick and furrowed on old. Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is a deciduous tree related to willows, characterized by nearly triangular leaves and small seeds carried on the wind in cottony masses. This is Vincent's science Olympiad site. Fremont Cottonwood Seeds. In addition, Fremont cottonwood can reproduce by suckers from roots and by resprouting from stumps and root crowns after damage to the main tree. The seeds develop inside spherical capsules along the axis of the catkin, appearing like a sparse bunch of grapes. Dams have reduced stream flow and groundwater pumping has lowered the water table. ˈfrēˌmänt noun Usage: usually capitalized F Etymology: after John Frémont died 1890 American explorer : a poplar (Populus fremontii) of the southwestern United States and especially California and Arizona with whitish bark and deltoid orbicular… Plant Name. Branches are usually thick and long. Native to Southwestern United States. Enjoy. fremontii, and with synonyms P. f. var.arizonica and P. f. var. Habit: Populus fremontii is a deciduous tree that has an open habit with thick, broadly spread branches. The bark is smooth in younger trees, becoming deeply furrowed with whitish cracked bark with age. Native to (or naturalized in) Oregon: No. [4], Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. Fremont cottonwoods occur in wet areas within arid climates. Fremont cottonwood Populus fremontii. John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813 – July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, military officer, and politician.He was a U.S. Fremont's cottonwood (P. fremontii) is native to the southwestern United States and western Mexico. When male catkins are numerous, they may give a tree a pink color. [1] It grows inriparian areas near streams, rivers, springs, wetlands, and alluvial bottomlands in the Southwestern United States, and into northwestern Mexico, below 2,000-metre (6,600 ft) elevation. Cottonwood, Fremont cottonwood, Fremont Poplar, Western Cottonwood: Family: Salicaceae: USDA hardiness: 2-9: Known Hazards: None known: Habitats: Banks of streams and other moist places[71, 82]. Record Observations. Fremont Cottonwood Bark. (760) 436-3944. Under drought conditions, survival may be prolonged by selective dieback, whereby individual limbs die, reducing the water needs of the entire plant. Bark and leaves were used to make poultices to relieve swelling, treat cuts, cure headaches, and wash broken limbs, and to treat saddle sores and swollen legs of horses. Fremont’s cottonwood is a native tree growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers and wetlands in the American Southwest. Growth rates of 30 feet in a year have been reported.83 The pale grayish bark is smooth in young trees, becoming darker and deeply furrowed as the tree ages.5Leaves are smooth and triangular, 2 – 3 inches (5 – 7.5 cm) long, slightly broader than long, with a rather abrupt tip. Fremont's cottonwood trees range from 12 to 35 meters in height, and trunk diameter ranges from 0.30 to 1.5 meters. The seeds resulting from the flowers are cotton-covered, small, and borne in egg-shaped capsules. Populus fremontii, the Fremont cottonwood or Alamo cottonwood, is a cottonwood poplar native to western North America, in California(except Modoc Plateau) and east to Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, and south into Sonora in northwestern Mexico. Aigeiros. Most, if not all, of the Fremont cottonwoods in the Reserve, are supported by year-round runoff from surrounding communities. Fremont’s cottonwood is a native tree growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers and wetlands in the American Southwest. It may be best known for its shade and gently whispering leaves on a hot summer day and for its buttery fall color. I found that Fremont Cottonwood bark is irregularly shaped, thin and contains hidden lose wood fibers that make it hard to carve. [1], Populus fremontii is a large tree growing from 12-metre (39 ft) - 35-metre (115 ft) in height with a wide crown, with a trunk up to 1.5-metre (4.9 ft) in diameter. The bark is smooth when young, becoming deeply fissured with whitish cracked bark on old trees. Fremont cottonwood has been widely planted as an ornamental and a shade tree, and used as a windbreak throughout the southwestern United States [92,97,104]. Background from poplar bark. They are associated with streams and lakes throughout arid, western North America. Cottonwood bark. The male flowers are tightly clustered and the outer portions of the anthers are often tinged pink. Populus fremontii is used in planting for: wildlife food and shelter habitats and ecological restoration, larger gardens and native plant landscape design [1], windbreaks, erosion control, and shade for livestock and at recreation facilities and parks. Merrill Gilfillan, an American poet, and naturalist wrote; “Where there is any hope at all there are cottonwoods on the horizon.” 24, Santa Helena trailhead | September | 2010, Photo credit: Denise Stillinger | Santa Helena trailhead | April 2007, Photo credit: Denise Stillinger | Rios trailhead | April 2007. Fremont Cottonwood’s inflorescence consists of long catkin, up to six inches long, consisting of a spike with numerous, small, imperfect, and incomplete flowers. The bark is smooth in younger trees, becoming deeply furrowed with whitish cracked bark with age. Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is a deciduous tree related to willows, characterized by nearly triangular leaves and small seeds carried on the wind in cottony masses. Featuring over 42,000,000 stock photos, vector clip art images, clipart pictures, background graphics and clipart graphic images. 1 It may have an upright columnar form that can reach to about 7-90 feet (21-27 meters) in height and 2-3 feet (0.6-0.9 meters) in diameter. Trunk diameter ranges from .30 to 1.5 meters. Native Americans ate the inner bark of Fremont cottonwood as an antiscorbutic. Pronunciation: pop-U-lus free-MONT-e-i. Young bark is smooth and thin. Cottonwoods are pollinated by the wind, while willows produce nectar which attracts a variety of pollinating insects. fremontii is currently recognized.2,7. Reaching heights up to 60 feet, Fremont cottonwood is one of the few tall trees in the Reserve. Senator from California, and in 1856 was the first Republican nominee for President of the United States.He was an opponent of slavery. Leaf buds make an excellent ointment for burns and skin irritations. Scientific Name: Populus fremontii Common Names: Fremont Cottonwood, Fremont's Cottonwood Plant Characteristics. 1 Download this stock image: Freemont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) in autumn, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, America, October. Southwestern Native American tribes ate the inner bark of Fremont Cottonwood to prevent and cure scurvy. macdougalii. They are characterized by flowers that lack petals or sepals and which are densely clustered in catkins. Female flowers are more loosely clustered. Scientific Name: Populus fremontii Size (height & diameter): Up to 75 ft (22.9 m) tall, and 5 ft (1.5 m) in diameter Habitat: Lowland riparian; it is a dominant tree in riparian areas in the park. Flowers are small, lacking petals and clustered into drooping catkins. Fremont Cottonwood. Pueblo tribes used pieces of the trunk to make drums. 1 The habit can appear oval, roundish, or as an umbrella. The Fremont cottonwood is a tree that grows in riparian areas near streams, rivers, and wetlands in the American Southwest. These have resulted in the loss of large cottonwood populations. Leaf buds make an excellent ointment for burns and skin irritations. Encinitas, CA 92023 Fremont cottonwood is a dicot angiosperm in the willow family, Salicaceae. These flowers produce cottonwood fruits. Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) SALICACEAE Populus fremontii, commonly known as Fremont's cottonwood or the Alamo cottonwood, is a cottonwood (and thus a poplar) native to riparian zones of the Southwestern United States and northern through central Mexico. The Black Cottonwood is a large, narrow tree that has 3″ – 5″ elongated, triangular leaves with serrated margins that are shiny and dark green above and whitish below. Fremont's cottonwood is a native tree growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers and wetlands in the American Southwest. Range: South-western N. America - California to Texas. Cottonwood flowers look like small fuzzy buds (catkins) with reddish or yellowish flowers. The fruit is a wind dispersed achene, that appears to look like patches of cotton hanging from limbs, thus the name cottonwood. In Arizona, the Hopi consider Fremont cottonwood to be sacred. Elevation: Up to 6500 feet. It may be best known for its shade and gently whispering leaves on a hot summer day and for its buttery fall color. It measures 103 feet high, with a trunk circumference of 332 inches and a crown spread of 120 feet. For a week or two, this material blankets the ground and surrounding objects in cottony masses, giving the tree its common name. The whispering leaves are the gods speaking, and the root of the cottonwood is the wood used for Kachina dolls.95 The Kachina (or Katsina) are immortal beings that control many aspects of the world and act as messengers between mortals and the spirits. 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